Mechanism for justifying lines composed of types or matrices.



No. 705,693. Patented my 29, :902.`

E. MuLLENnonFF. l MECHANISM FOR JUSTIFYING LI-NES CUMPDSED UF TYPES 0R MATRICES.

(Applicabicn mea Jan. 25, 1899.) (No Mo`del.) 6 Sheets-Sheet i i Y @i L lm@ Uzesses ffwezzof' Patented July 29,1902.

. MLL-ENDRFF.

MEGHANISM FOB JUSTIFYING LINES CDMPDSED 0F TYPES 0R MATRIGES.

(Application filed Jan. 25, 1899.)

6 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

WUZMM nu: nonms PETERS co. PNoromHo.. wnsnmcmu. u4 c.

No. 795,993. Patented my 29, |992.

E. MLLENnonFF. M ECHANISM FOR JUSTIFYING LINES COMPOSED 0F TYPES 0R MATRICES.

(Application fded Jan. 25, 1899.) (No Model.) 6 shunts-Sheet 3.

N0. 705,693. Patented .Iuly 29, i902.

E. MLLENDRFF.

MEGHANISM FUE JUSTIFYING LINES CUMPOSED UF TYPES 0R. MATRICES.

{ (Application filed Jan. 25, 1899.)

(No Model.) E `Sheets-Sheet 4.

Zbzoesses l L .Zrwezzr ZyyUWb/C, i fw fm@ @uw No. 705,693. Patented July 29, |902.

' E. MLLENDURFF.

MEGHANISM FDR JUSTIFYING LINES COMPUSED 0F TYPES 0R MATRICES.

(Application med nu. 25, 1899.) (Ilo Model.) 6 Sheets--Sheet 5.

pmlrwul'or Wifnensues.y l @7% my g, %%Mzf /Wf Hfar/ley.

m: Nonms Parras co. pHoro-mmv, wAswNGTnN, n. c.

No. 705,693. Patenfed my 29, |902.

E. MLLENDDRFF. MECHANISM FOR JUSTIFYING LINES COMPDS'ED 0F TYPES 0R MATRICES.

Application med Jan. 25, 1899.1

(NoMudel.) 6 Sheets-Sheet,6.

l1 u II Milli IH M Imm "ii' WIT |n m 511 vente?,

N' @Mm Tf i. as@ t fvg Nozms paens can, Pncauwo. WASHING-ron D c NITED STATias'I EUGEN MLLENDORFF,

or BERLIN, GERMANY.

MECHANISM FOR lllSIlFYING LINESCOMPOSED UFTYPESOR MATRICES.

SPECIFICATION forming` part of Letters Patent No. 705,693, dated` July 29, 1902.

i Application filed January 25, 1899. Serial Nm 703,342.A (No model.)

To @ZZ wharf@ t mctyconcerus.

Be it known that I, EUGEN MLLENDORFF, a subject of the German Emperor, residing at Berlin, Germany, have invented new and useful Improvements in Mechanism for Justifying Lines Composed of Types or Matrices, of which the following is a speciiication.

My invention relates to that method of justifying in which a set ofujustifyingspaces `of different sizes 'is held stored and the spaces required for each line aresingly selected from that set and substituted for the provisional spaces' contained `in the line.

In the following speciiication I shall term the diierence between the amount of matter in an unjustified line and the required length of line or column-measure thcvariation of the line. This variation `may be aplus or a minus quantity, depending upon whether the line is too long or too short. The places between Words in which justifying-spaces are to be inserted I shall term intervals, and the pieces utilized to separate the words in the unjustilied vlines I shall term separators. The number of intervals and separators in a line will be, of course, one less than the number of words. The final spaces which are used to separate the words in the justilied lines will be termed justifyingspaces,7 and the mechanism which removes the separators and inserts the justifying-spaces I will term the spacing mechanism. The separators which I prefer to use are preferably equal in width to the most desirable width for the justified line, which may be termed the normal width.

The term type `as used herein will be understood to include matrices, such as are used in linotyping, as well as ordinary printers type.

Lines of type to be justified by the present invention may be assembled by any suitable composing mechanism, the lines being cornposed with separators between the words which differ yin section from the type, so that the machine may distinguish between the type and separators and stop the line with the successive separators in register with the spacing mechanism. The unjustified line is measured between a fixed and a movable abutment, the position of the movable abutment indicatingthe variation of the line. A conplace. `ond separator registers with the spacing mech- -anism, and simultaneously it is remeasured i and the relative positions ofthe contact-piece and contact-pin readj Listed. If the line should now be of the required length, a. justifyingispace equal to the separator would be selected. If too long,A a thinner space will be selected, .and iftoo short a thicker space.

:for a line.

tact-point adj usted bythe movable abutment is then brought into engagement with a contact-piece having a series of contact-surfaces which correspond in number to the number of sizes of justifying-spacesin the magazine. Some of these spaces are equalto the normal spaces or separators and others are larger and smaller. If the unjustifiedline is -too long, the contactepin selects a section of the spacing-piece corresponding to a justifying-space thinner than the normal. If the line is but slightly too long, the space next thinner than the normal will be selected, and if it is considerably too long a still thinner space will be selected. The relative positions of the contact-piece and the pin or cooperating element are made to select the justifying-space, and the spacing mechanism immediately ejects the separator and inserts the selected space in its The line is then moved until the sec- The selection of each justifying-space is entirely independentof the selection, of the other spaces The justification of a line may be eected without reference to the number of intervals in it; but by taking into account Vthe number of intervals the variation may be distributed moreevenly throughoutthe linethat is, justifying-spaces more nearly uniform in thickness may be selected.

I have represented my invention in the accompanying drawings, of which- Figure l shows the simplest feature of my invention as concerning the selection of spaces, Figs. 2 and 3 being detached views, on an enlarged scale, of a part ofFig. l.; A complete apparatus according to my invention is representedin Figs. 4 tot, inclusive, of which Fig. 4 is a front view, partially in section, the front wall of the type-containing channel being removed; Fig. 5, a top View, and Fig. 6 a side View, partially in section, looking from the right of Figs. 4 or 5. Fig. 7 is a View corresponding to Fig. 6 and showing the connection between the main driving IOO mechanism and the parts actuated by the same. Figs. 8 to 13, inclusive, represent modifications of the space-selecting mechanism hereinafter fully described. Fig. 14 is a diagram illustrating electrical connections. Fig. 15 is a vertical section, and Fig. 16 a plan View, of the operating-magnets of said connections. Figs. 17 and 18 are sectional views illustrating the operation of the devices for inserting` justifying-spaces in the line. Fig. 19 is a front view of a device for eject-ing spaces from theirmagazine. Fig. 2O is a section on the line 2O of Fig. 19, and Fig. 21 is adetail of the space-ejector.

Referring first to Fig. l, the line to be justified consists of types or matrices 1 and separators 2 and is contained in a carrier bearing the bottom plate 3 of the carrier and clamped between a right-hand abutment 4 thereof and a left-hand slide-piece 5, which is guided in plate 3 by means of a rod 6 and continuously actuated toward the right by means of a coiled spring 7. The line is laterally supported by two walls 13 14, Fig. 5, these walls being omitted in Fig. 1 and only wall 14 represented in Fig. 4. Slide-piece 5 is provided with a small plate 8 and a pin 9, laterally projecting from plate 8. Two uprights 10 11 are mounted on plate 3, carrying a plate 12. By these means pin 9 will occupy a determined relative position with respect to plate 12 in accordance with thelength of the provisional line clamped between abutment 4 and slide-piece 5, this position being such that in ease of the provisional line showing [just the required normal length pin 9 will coincide with line a ct of plate 12, (see Fig. 2,) but stand at the left of line a a or at the right thereof in case of the provisional line being too long or too short.

When selecting the spaces by electrical means, I make plate 12 of non-conducting material, and I provide it with contact-pieces b c d cfg of metal and ofthe shape represented in Fig. 2, these pieces being insulated against each other by thin layers of insulating material interposed between their adjacent edges. The said' pieces are connected by wires to respective releasing mechanisms for the spaces-say piece b with that for the thinnest kind b of spaces and piece g with that for the thickest kind g of spaces, while the spaces c d ef, corresponding to pieces c d ef, only slightly differ in thickness from the uniform thickness of the separators. Il", for instance, the latter be given a thickness of 'n units, the justifying-spaces d c"cf" may be conveniently made of a thickness of 'n 1, n-2, n-l-l, rt-k2 units, respectively, and the small consecutive sections of pieces c d efof an extent of one unit each, the said unit being supposed of a sufficiently small and practically insignificant size.

Pin 9 is'held in contact with the pieces b c d cfg when traveling along the same. If, therefore, pin 9 is adj usted in accordance with the length of the provisional line, it will make contact with one of the pieces b c ci @fg and the corresponding line-circuit will be closed to release the space'requircd.

The operation is as follows: Suppose the provisional line being essentially too long and pin 9 therefore making contact with piece b, a justifying-space of the thinnest kind b will be released and inserted into the line, removing at the same time a separatorspace, as will be hereinafter described. By this the line will be shortened and pin 9 shifted a corresponding distance toward the right; but as the pin still remains in contact with piece b another space of kind b will be released, and so on, until finally pin 9-leaves piece b and reaches piece c. This will occur if after the insertion of a sufficient number of spaces of the thinnest kind the excess of the line is between one and two units. Aspace of n-2 units would therefore now be released, and this space should bring the line to the exact length or at most render it one unit too short, pin 9 then passing on contact-piece e. If then the spacing of the line should be finished, the line would definitively show a remainder of one unit, but practically be justified. On the other hand, if there are still intervals in the line when pin 9 passes on contact-piece e it will be obvious that from thence pin 9 should alternately pass from piece c to d, and vice versa, releasing alternately spaces of the kinds e d" and accordingly nishing the line with a slight excess or remainder of at most one unit.

A modified arrangement of contact-pieces is represented in Fig. 3, pieces b and g belonging again to the thinnest and thickest kinds of justifying-spaces, respectively, and the middle piece 7o to justifying-spaces of the same thickness as the separators-say of n units-while the spaces released by piece c may be a thickness of n--l units and those released by piece fof n-l-l units. The narrow sections of pieces c andfare given each an extent of one unit and preferably a slightly-larger extent to the middle narrow section of piece 7c. In this arrangement pin 9 once having reached contact-piece la remains on that piece for the remainder of the justification of the line, as piece lo releases justifying-spaces of the same thickness as the separators-say of n units-and the length of the line is not varied by the substitution of the latter' by the former. The line will therefore likewise be finished with an excess or remainder of at most half a unit.

It is of no importance how many contactpieces and how many kinds of spaces are disposed of nor what thickness the dierent kinds of thinnest and thickest spaces has been given. It is only needed that the middle sections, three or four, next to the line corresponding to the relative position of pin 9 when registering the normal length of line are made comparatively narrow and the correspond-ing spaces are so slightly stepped or different from the normal width and from IOC IIO

each other that the variation, excess, or remainder of the line will practically be of an insignificant size. However, there will hereinafter be described` means allowing of a larger extent to be given the sections of the middle contact-pieces and yet of slightly stepping the corresponding spaces.

The contactface of pin 9 is preferably made as small as possible. However, it must be of a larger diameter than the extent of the separating-layer between the adjacent contact-piece sections in order to prevent this pin ever bearing exclusively against such an insulating-layer and being out of contact with any conducting-piece.

In Fig. 14 `is illustrated a contact-platev similar to that shown in Fig. 3 and the inserting electrical connections therefor.

Referring to Figs. 14, 15, and 16, 90 to 94, inclusive, indicate electromagnets, each having one of its terminals connected to a common conductor-bar 85 and its other terminal to one of the sections of the contact-plate. Below the bar is illustrated a battery 86, a line-wire 8S, and a switch 87. The line 88, it will be understood, connects to the contactpin 9. Above the magnets are illustrated their armatures 100 to 104. In Figs. 15 and 16 is illustrated a locking-bar 89, carried on pivot-ed arms S91. Springs 100au normally hold the armatures away from the magnets. When a magnet is energized, its armature is drawn down and interlocked with the bar 89, the latter being operated in one direction by the armatures and in the other direction by springs 96. When a second magnet is energized, its armature throws back thelocking-bar S9 and releases the previously-depressed armature; In this Way but one armature can be depressed at a time. The movement of the armatures 100 to 104 may be used to effect the discharge of the corresponding spacesfrom the maga- .zines,the armatures being connected to spacepushers in any well-known manner.` If more power be neededfor discharging the spaces, the electromagnet devices may be used simply to close circuits having stronger currents. This arrangement is illustrated in the drawings, in which there is a contact-piece 110 adjacent to each magnet and a coperating contact 120 upon each armature. When an armature is drawn down, these contacts close a circuit 121, which may be utilized in any desired manner to control themechanism for discharging and inserting the spaces.

Referring to Figs. 19, 20, and 2l, 122 indicates a magnet in the circuit 121, adapted to eject spaces from one of the channels 123 of the space-magazine. As shown, the armature 124 is fast on a rock-shaft 125, which carries the ejector 126. The spaces rest on ledges 127 on the apron 128. When the ejector is in its normal position, the space resting directly on the ledge stands within an opening 129 in the ejector. When the magnet is energized, the ejector moves the space o the ledge and drops it on the apron, the succeeding space resting on the ejector until the latter resumes its normal position in response to the pull of the spring 130. The specific devices illustrated in Figs. 19, 20, and 21 are not of my invention.

If instead of electrically selecting the spaces it should be preferable to use mechanical means, the contact-pieces b c d e fg are to be replaced by blocks dierently projecting from plate 12, as now will be described with reference to Figs. 4 to 7, inclusive, showing a complete and mechanically-actuated apparatus according to my invention.

The line 1 2 is supported, as heretofore described, by a carrier 3 4 5, movable between walls 13 14 and guided by the bottom plate 3 in a slot of frame-plate 16 and on a supporting-plate 15. Slide-piece 5, guided by rod 6 and actuated by spring 7, bears against an intermediate piece 17, thus indirectly clamping the line from the left. There are provided intermediate pieces 17 of different lengths for the diiferent lengths of lines in order to always keep pin 9 in the reach of plate 12 and to make it coincide with line a a on plate 12 whenever a line (of any length) is brought to the normal size. The abutment 4 for the right-hand end of the line consists in the present instance of a catch projecting from a spring 18, which is secured to plate 3 and enters the path of the line through a lateral slot of channel-wall14. The catch allows of the line being delivered to the carrier and then catches the line from the right, thus forming the fixed right-hand abutment for the same.

In case of justifyingthe line independently of the'number of its intervals, plate 12 is constructed as described with reference to Figs. 2 and 3, with the only modification, already referred to, that thecontact-pieces b c CZ ef g are replaced by blocks differently projecting from plate 12, so as to form steps gradually descending from the left toward the right; but if reference is had to the number of intervals contained in the line, as supposed in Figs. 4 to 6, plate 12is to be arranged vertically movable on the uprights 10 11 and the stepped blocks b c' d e' f g' converging toward a common center, as represented, Figs. 4 and 5. An uppermost step a is provided adjacent to step h' and a lowermost one, h', adjacent to step g' and formed by the level of plate 12.

The spaces are stored in channels a" b cf d" @"f g h, beginningV with the" thinnest ones and successively stepped to end with the thickestones at 72.", thus corresponding in this succession to the steps a to 7L.

Pin 9 is secured to a plug 19, the latter being guided in a projection of slide-piece 5 and engaging bya pin witha slotted lever 20 on a spindle 24, which is journaled insupports 21 22 of an extension`23 of slide-piece A lever 25 on spindle 24 embraces with its forked end a rod 26, supported by arms 27 28 of a rock-shaft 29, and on the latter is mount- IOO IIO

ed aspring-actuated lever 30 to bear' with a roller against a cam-disk 31, which is provided on an intermittingly-revolving shaft 32.

Rock-shaft 29 carries a lever 33, pivoted to a rod 34, and the latter is loosely connected by a rod 35 to a two-armed spring-actuated lever 37 38, pivoting on a stud 36 and bearing with its roller-arm 38 against a disk 39, which is mounted on shaft 32 and provided with a recess 40.

The operation of the parts described is as follows: Pin 9 having been adjusted with respect to plate l2 in accordance with the length of the line, shaft 32 is released, as will be hereinafter described, to perform one revolution, and by passing of the depressed cam portion of disk 31 underneath lever 30 pin 9 is forwarded toward plate l2 until it reaches the opposite step-piece and is stopped thereby. Lever` 33 and rod 34 performing a correspondingV stroke, a pin 41, Fig. 4, laterally projecting from rod 34, is brought opposite to the foremost space of the channel whichJ contains the spaces corresponding to the step reached by pin 9, and as then during the continued revolution of shaft 32 recess 40 of disk 39 passes roll on lever 38 rod 35 swings downward, withdrawing the space from its channel by pin 41. The released space then drops by gravity and reachesthe inclined guidechannel 42, on which it descends to reach the swinging pusher 43, pivoted on stud 36 and controlled by a cam-lever 45 on shaft 32, cooperating with the lever-arm 44 of the pusher. The parts are disposed in such manner that as soon as the space reaches the pusher the latter is caused to rise, taking alongI with it the space and inserting it into the line, as as will be hereinafter fully described. Shaft 32 is actuated as follows: A ratchet-wheel 46 is fixed to a stub-shaft 102, journaled in a frame-plate A, Figs. 4, 5, 7, and a toothed wheel 47, movably mounted on the stubshaft-supportingv box, carrying a pawl 48 to engage with the ratchet-wheel, wheel 47 engaging with a toothed wheel 49, mounted on a shaft 50, and on the other hand with a toothed wheel 51, mounted on hollow shaft 32, through which passes the drive-shaft 103. The stub-shaft is continuously driven from shaft 103 by means of connecting-gears 104 105. Pawl 48 is held out of engagement with ratchet-wheel 46 by means of a catchlever 52 and a lever 53, firmly connected to lever 52 and bearing with a roller 54 against the edge of a longitudinally-movable bar 55, a spring 58 securing this position. By shifting bar 55 toward the left of Fig. 5 a tooth 56 of the rail passes underneath roller 54 and throws lever 52 out of engagement with pawl 48, which then engages with ratchet-wheel 46, taking along with it wheel 47 and in consequencethereof wheels 49 5l and shaft 32. Bar 55 is then shifted back toward the right by aspring 57, Fig. 4, and lever 53, thereby released from tooth 56, is restored by spring 58 to its normal position, Fig. 7, so as to likewise restore lever 52 to its normal position for catching again pawl 48 after one revolution of shaft 32. Bar `55 is guided in a bracket 59 andin the frame-plateB andis iutermittingly shifted toward the left by a step -by-step movement of the line-carrier. The latter may be continuously actuated toward the left by a weight 100 and cord 101, Fig. 1, or slightly coupled by friction to a continuously-running belt and is released to follow this tendency after having been charged with a line, and as the separators project from the line into the level of bar 55the carrier will be taken along until the foremost separator reaches the right-hand end 60 of bar 55, thus shifting the same toward the left and releasing pawl 48 from catch-lever 52,as heretofore described, while the line-carrier is at the same time stopped, the foremost space then being opposite to a slot 6l, provided in channel-wall 14. As now shaft 32 performs its revolution and a justifyingspace has been released and reached pusher 43, as heretofore described, a semicircular disk 62, which is mounted on shaft 50 and swings in line with slot 6l, will be caused to pass through the line, taking along with it by its lowermost advancing edge the separator in front thereof, as illustrated in Fig. 17, and spacing the line for the insertion of the justifying-space. Disk 62 is slightly wedge-shaped, its advancing lowermost edge being of the same thickness (or near so) as the separators and its uppermost edge equalizing o1' slightly surpassing the thickness of the thickest justifying-space. By these means the space formed by passing through the line of disk 62 will be successively enlarged to allow of entering of the thickest space. In the meantime pusher 43 has been raised by cam-lever 45 following the justifying-space disk 62 and inserting the same into the space formed by disk v62, yet before the latter leaves the line, as'illustrated in Fig. 18. Disk 62 then completes its revolution, and pusher 43 is restored to its normal position by gravity or by a spring. In the meantime cam-disk 31 has raised again lever 30, so as to return pins 9 and 4l to their normal positions by means of parts 26 25 24 20 and parts 33 34 35 37 38, respectively. Slide-piece 5, with pin 9, has therefore been adjusted again with respect to plate 12 in accordance with the variation of length of line undergone by the insertion of the justifyingspace, while the line carried is advanced a further step until the next following space strikes again bar 55, which in the meantime assumed its right-hand normal position, and so on until all separators have been replaced by justifying-spaces and the line has been justified. The separators when removed from the line drop through an opening of plate 3 and are assembled in a box placed beneath the said slot. During the step-by-step movement of the line-carrier the forked end of le- ICO IIO

Aver slides on rod 26, thus the releasing of l that number is larger the uniform justifyingspaces throughout the line will differ less from the separators or normal spaces. To this fact corresponds the triangular shape of steps b g on plate 12, (represented in Fig. 4,) supposing this plate being shifted in accord- I ance with the number of intervals of each line to be justified-that is to say, in such manner that of the eight dotted lines crossing the steps the lowermost is brought opposite to pin 9 incase of a line containing but one interval and accordingly each next following up to the uppermost in caseof aline containing two, three, four, five, six, seven, or eight intervals, respectively. It will be obvious that one and the same differenceof length of a line which in aline with, say, eight intervals can be made by justifying-spaces but slightly differing from the separators cannot be made up by the same spaces in a line with, say,three intervals, but only by spaces differing more essentially from the separators. To this fact corresponds'the triangular shape of steps represented in Fig. 4, as will be noted by the dotted line y y, corresponding to a certain excess of line and successively passing from above to below through stepsof increasing deviation. A theoretical inquiry results in giving the steps the represented triangular shape, with a common center at 0.

The vertical adjustment of plate 12 in accordance with the number of intervals of each line may be performed in any convenient manner. Supposing the justifying apparatus being connected to a setting-machine,

a ratchet mechanism may be operated by each stroke of the space-key; but I prefer to adjust plate 12 independently thereof, as follows: A support 64 is connected to frameplate 16, carrying a shaft 65,011 which are mounted a star-Wheel G6, a notched disk G7, and a beveled wheel 68, the latter engaging with a beveled Wheel on a pinion-shaft 69, extending throughoutthe apparatus andjournaled at one end in support 64 and in the frame-plate A at the other end. A shaft 73 is journaled in projections 71 72 of the uprights 10 11 and a toothed wheel 74 mounted on shaft 73, engaging with a rack on the rear side of plate 12 and with pinion-shaft G9, the latter thus being in continuous engagement with wheel 74 in whatever position of the linecarrier.

In the-normal position of parts represented, Fig. 4, the center of convergency ois on a level With pin 9. If now the line-carrier is moved toward the left, the projecting ends of separators 2 pass underneath star-wheel 66, which thus will be accordingly turned around so as to shift plate 12 and bring the dotted line corresponding to the number of intervals to cations of the space-selecting means.

a level with pin 9. The latter therefore selects the first and most convenient space for justifying the line in question. During the insertion of this space, as described, wheel 47 performs one revolution, and as wheel 47 is provided with a tooth 75, Fig. 7, and pinionshaft 69 with a star-Wheel 76 in line with tooth 75 to engage with the latter, shaft 69 will accordingly be rotated backward and plate 12 again raised the distance of two consecutive level lines, thus the changed position of plate 12 corresponding to the changed condition of the line-t1 e., to a new line containing oue interval less and showing another dierence to be made up in accordance with the gist of my invention. The said operation isrepeated until after the insertion of the last justifying-space. The center of convergency o will be restored in level with pin 9, plate 12 thus being moved to position to be adjusted by passing of the next line underneath star-Wheel 66. 4

Notched disk 67 serves the purpose of controlling the step-by-step shifting movement of the parts by a spring-pawl G7, Fig. 4, engaging with the notches of disk G7 and preventing overswinging.

The line having been justified, the line-carrler is to be shifted again toward the right tion it is not deemed necessary to show such means. The line is then removed from the line-carrier into a galley and a fresh line delivered to the carrier.

For easily removing the justified line a portion 77, Fig. 5, of Wall 13 is preferably made removable.

In Figs. 8 to 13 I have represented modifi- In Fig. 8, front view, and Fig. 9, corresponding top View, plate 12' is pivotally arranged and IIO guided in uprights 10 11 by a groove and a slot. Vheel 74 in this modification only engages With pinion shaft 69, the swinging `movement of plate 12 being effected by a beveled wheel 77 engaging withabeveled segment 78, provided to the plate. The stepped portions of the selecting-block are of curved triangular shape in accordance with its swinging movement. If using electrically-actuating means, plate 12/ is simply provided with contact-pieces, as heretofore described, of thef same shape as appearing from Fig. 8. In Figs. 10, 1l the selecting-block or contactpieces are provided on cylinders. In this modification shaft 73 and wheel 74 can be dispensed with and pinion-shaft 69 replaced by a square shaft 69a, placed at the height of shaft 73 and allowing only of a shifting movement of the cylinders 'with respect to the shaft. In Figs. 12, 13 I have represented modifications in which, as above mentioned, the single contact-pieces or selecting steps are enlarged, the stroke of pin 9 being likewise enlarged above that of the clamping slidepiece. In Fig. 12 slide-piece 5' carries apinion 80, engaging with teeth of plate 3, and another' slide-piece 5 is guided on a bar 8l of piece 5" and provided with the contact-pin 9, engaging at the same time with pinion SO. By these means, as well known, slide 5" performs the double of the stroke of slide 5'. In this modification the pin S2 of stud 19, which engages with lever 20, must be given a sufficient length, the parts 5 5" performing a relative shifting movement. In Fig. 13 pin 9 is carried by a lever-arm S3, mounted on the axis of a toothed wheel 84, which latter engages with teeth provided in the lower edge of slide-piece 5. Thus the radius of pin 9 being enlarged above that of wheel S4, the pin will perform a larger stroke than slide-piece 5.

The advantage of enlarging the contactpieces or selecting steps by the means shown in Figs. 12, 13 is of most importance in proximity of the center of convergency 0.

What I claim as myinvention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. Atype-justifying mechanism comprising, in combination, means operating to measure a line of type independently for each justifying-space to be selected, a contact-piece having space-valile-determining surfaces, and an element cooperating with said contact-piece,

the relative positions of said element and contact-piece being separately determined by each measurement of the line.

2. A justifying mechanism comprising, in combination, spacing mechanism for inserting justifying-spaces in a line, a movable line-holder adapted to carry a line of type to the spacing mechanism, and space-value-determining devices movable Wit-h the line under justification, and comprising a contactpiece having space-value-determining elements and a part coperating withv said contact-piece.

3. A justifying mechanism comprising, in combination, spacing mechanism for inserting justifying-spaces in a line, a movable line-holder adapted to carrya line of type to the spacing mechanism, and space-value-determining devices movable with the line underjustiflcation, and comprising line-measuring devices having two relatively movable parts engaging the ends of the line.

4. A justifying mechanism comprising, in combination, spacing mechanism for inserting justifying-spaces in a line in lieu of temporary spaces, means for moving a line of type intermittently relatively to said spacing mechanism, measuring devices including two relatively movable parts engaging the ends of the line for measuring theline prior tothe insertion of each space, and means controlled by said measurement for selecting the proper justifying-space to be inserted after each measurement.

5. A justifying mechanism comprising, in combination, spacing mechanism for inserting justifying-spacesin a line in lieu of separators, means for moving a line of type and separators past said spacing mechanism, means for interccpting the movement of the line each time a separator reaches the spacing mechanism, means independent of the separators for measuring the line before each separatorl is removed, and space-value-determining devices controlled by the successive measurements thereof, said devices in turn controlling the selection of the justifyingspaces to be inserted in lieu of the separators.

6. A justifying mechanism comprising, in combination, means for moving a line of type and separators to a spacing mechanism, means for stopping the line as each separator reaches the spacing mechanism, means independent of the separators for measuring the lineas many times as there are separators therein, and space-val11e-determining devices controlled by said measurements, each measurement controlling the selection ofa suitable justifying-space to be inserted in lieu of one of the separators.

7. A justifying mechanism comprising, in combination, means for ejecting separators from a line and inserting justifying-spaces, means for moving the line to said spacing mechanism, and space value determining elements movable. with the line, said elements consisting of a measuring device, a contact-piece having space-value-determining surfaces, and a part adapted to coperate with one or other of said surfaces as may be determined by the measurement of a line.

8. A justifying mechanism comprising, in combination, a movable type -line holder, space-value-determining elements having a relative movement depending upon the measurement of a line of type under justification and a bodily movement with the line-holder, said elements consisting of a contact-piece having space-value-determining surfaces,and a pin movable into contact with one or other of said surfaces,depending upon the measurement of the line.

9. A justifying mechanism comprising, in combination, a contact-piece having a series of angular space determining surfaces, a contact-point movable to register With any one of said surfaces, and means for controlling the relative adjustment of said contactpiece and pin by the length of the line under justification.

10. A justifying mechanism comprising, in combination, a contact-piece having a series of space-value-determining devices, said devices being triangular in outline and converging to a common center, means for adjusting said contact-piece according to the number of separators in a line to be justified, a contact-point coperatin g with said contactpiece, and means for adjusting said contactpoint relatively to the contact-piece in accordance with the measurement of a line.

11. A justifying mechanism comprising, in combination, a contact-piece having a series of stepped space-value-determining surfaces,

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a contact-point movable to engage one or other of said surfaces, means for adjusting the pointrelatively to the contact-piece in accordance with the measurement of a line, and means for selecting justifyingspaces controlled in accordance with the amount of movement required to bring said point into contact with the opposing step of the contactpiece.

12. A justifying mechanism comprising,`in combination, a contact-piece having a series of space-value-determining surfaces, means for moving aline of type and projecting separators, means operated by the projecting separators for adjusting the contact-piece in accordance with the number thereof, a contactpoint coperating with the contact-piece, and means for adjusting the contact-point in accordance with the measurement of the line, said contact piece and point operating to de` termine the values of justifying-spaces for the line.

13.l A justifying mechanism comprising, in

combination, a contact-piece having a series ofangular stepped surfaces radiating from a common center, andmeans for adjusting said contact-piece in accordance with the number of separators in a line to be justified.

14. A justifying mechanism comprising, in combination, a contact-piece having a series of space-value-determining surfaces, a contact-point cooperating with said surfaces, means for moving a line of type and separators toaspacingmechanism,meansformoving said contact-piece and contact-point with the line, means for counting the separators as the line is moved to the spacing mechanism, means for adjusting the contact-piece in accordance with the nu mber of word-spaces, and means for adjusting the contact-point by the measurement of the line, and for readjusting said point by a remeasu rement of the line after each separatoris substituted by a justifying-space.

15. A justifying mechanism comprising, in combination, a contact-piece having a series of space-value-determining surfaces, a contact-point coperating With said surfaces, means for measuring a line of type to be justied, and means for moving said contactpoint relatively to the contact-piece a multiple of the movement of the measuring device.

16. In a justifying mechanism, means for spacing a line oftype composed with separators, comprising a wedgeshaped piece movable through the line'and adapted to remove the separator and open the line, and a pusher arranged to insert a justifying-space in the openingin combination With mechanism constructed to predetermne the space-values of justifying-spaces and deliver such spaces to the pusher. j

17. In a justifying mechanism, means for spacing a line of type composed with separators, comprising a Wedge-shaped piece movable through theline and adapted to remove a separator and open the line, andan independently-movable pusher arranged to insert a justifying-space in the opening so created in the line. j

18. In a justifying mechanism, means for spacing a line of `type composed with separators comprising a wedge-shaped piece,means for moving the same through a line with the thin edge foremost whereby the separator is removed and the line opened to receive a justifying-space, and a pusher arranged to move a justifying-space into the opening, said pusher being timed to enter the justifyingspace in the line before the Wedge-piece leaves the' same in combination with mechanism constructed to predetermine the space-` values of justifying-spaces and deliver such spaces to the pusher.

19. In a mechanism for justifying lines of type com posed Wit-h separators,a Wedge-piece movable through the line to remove aseparator, said piece being. arranged to always enter the line at one side and leave it at the other, and means for pushing a justifyingspace into the line in therear of the Wedgepiece.

20. In a mechanism for justifying lines of type composed with separators, a segmental wedge-piece mounted on an intermittentlyrotating shaft,said wedge-piece being adapted to remove separators and open the line to receivejustifying-spaces and an independentlymovable pusher arranged 'to insert justify-- ing-spaces in the openings so created.

21. In mechanism for justifying lines of type composed with separators, in combination, a rotating segmental wedge-piece adapted to remove separators,and a rocking pusher adapted to thrust justifyingspaces into the line in the rear of the Wedge-piece.

22. A justifying mechanism comprising, in combination, a series of-channels for justifying-spaces, a space-ejecting element, two links connected to and supporting said element, a cam and connectionsfor moving one of said links to bring said ejecting element into register with the proper space-channel, and a second cam and connections for moving the other link to cause said elementto yeject a selected space.`

23. A justifying mechanism comprising, in combinatioma series of channels for justifyin g-spaces, a space-ejecting element,two links connected to and supporting said element, a cam and connections for moving one of said links to bring said ejecting element into register with the proper space-channel, a second cam and connections for moving the other link to cause said element to eject a selected space, a common shaft upon which said cams are mounted, and means for rotating said shaft intermittently.

24. A justifying mechanism comprising, inV

combination, aseries of channels for justifying-spaces, a space-ejecting element, a space- IIO pusher to which the ejected spaces arefdelivered, a wedge-piece adapted to move through the line to open the same,`meansfor feeding the line intermittently to the spacingmechanism, space-value-determining means movable with the line, and a sliding connection between said space-val11e-determining means and said spacing means whereby the latter may be operated by the former at any position of the line under justification.

25. A justifying mechanism comprising, in combination, a series of channels for justifying-spaces, a space-ejecting device including a rock-shaft and a bail rigidly carried by said rock-shaft, means for feeding a line of type and separators intermittently, means movable With the line of type and adapted to determine the values of justifying-spaces required for the line, and a sliding connection between said space-determining means and said rock-shaft bail whereby the space-ejector may be adjusted at any position of the moving line.

26. In ajustifying apparatus, the combination of a line-carrier provided with a fixed abutment for one end of the line and with a movable abutment to bear against the other end of the line, a pin connected with one of the abutments, a contact-piece connected with the other abutment to cooperate with the said pin and provided with sections corresponding each to a certain value of justifying-spaces, means for releasing the spaces, and means for con trolling the releasing of the spaces by the coperation of the said pin and contact-piece.

27. In a justifying apparatus, the combination of a line-carrier provided with a fixed abutment for one end of the line and with a movable abutment to bear against the other end of the line, a pin connected with one of the abutments, a contact-piece connected with the other abutment to cooperate with the said pin and provided with triangle-shaped sections converging toward a common center and corresponding each to a certain value of spaces, means for adjusting the pin and contact-piecevto each other in accordance with the number of intervals contained in the line,

means for successively readjusting the pin and contact-piece in conformity with the insertion of the spaces, means for releasing the spaces and means for controlling the releasing of the spaces by the cooperation ot' the said pin and contact-piece.

28. In a justifying apparatus, the combination of a movable line-carrier, a guideway for the traveling line-carrier provided with opposite openings for removing separators from and inserting justifying-spaces into the line respectively, a rotary wedge-shaped ejector to remove the separators and at the same time enlarge the opening of the line to the extent of the thickest j ustifying-space, a reciprocating pusher to insert the j ustifying-spaces, and means for successively stopping the line-carrier with the separators in line with thc said openings and at the same time releasing the ejector and the pusher to perform one revolution and reciprocation respectively.

29. In a justifying apparatus, the combination of a line-carrier provided with a fixed abutment for one end of the line and with a movable abutment to bear against the other end of the line, a pin connected with one of the abutments, a contactpiece connected with the other abutment to cooperate with the said pin and provided with sections corresponding each to a certain value ot' justifying-space, a cam-shaft, a lever-and-rod system controlledby the cams of the cam-shaft and connected with the said pin, a pusher for ejecting justifying-spaces connected to the said lever-and-rod system, and means for temporarily releasing the cam-shaft to perform `one revolution.

30. In a mechanism for justifyinga line of type composed with separators having parallel sides, devices operating to measure the length of the line as many times as there are separators in the line, in combination with means, controlled by said devices in accordance with the respective measurements, for determining the respective spaces for justifying the line.

3l. In a mechanism for justifying aline of type composed with separators, devices operating to measure the length of the line as many times as there are separators in the line, said devices comprising relatively movable parts engaging the ends of the line, in combination with means controlled by said devices, in accordance with the respective measurements, for selecting the respective spaces for justifying the line.

32. In a mechanism for justifying a line of type composed with separators, devices operating to measure the line as many times as there are separators in it, means for counting the separators, and means controlled by the successive measurements and by the number of separators for selecting the respective spaces for justifying the line.

33. In a mechanism for justifying a line of type composed with separators, devices operating to measure the line as many times as there are separators in it, means for counting the separators, means controlled by the successive measurements and by the number of separators for selecting the respective spaces for justifying the line, and means for replacing the separators with the selected justifying-spaces.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of tWo Witnesses.

) EUGEN MLLENDORFF. Vitnesses:

HENRY HAsPER, ERWIN L. GoLDsoHMIDT.

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